ZnGeP₂ (ZGP) crystals have attracted tremendous attention for their applications as frequency conversion devices. Nevertheless, the existence of native point defects, including at the surface and in the bulk, lowers their laser-induced damage threshold by increasing their absorption and forming starting points of the damage, limiting their applications. Here, native point defects in a ZGP crystal are fully studied by the combination of high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and optical measurements. The atomic structures of the native point defects of the Zn vacancy, P vacancy, and Ge-Zn antisite were directly obtained through an HAADF-STEM, and proved by photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 77 K. The carrier dynamics of these defects are further studied by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, and the decay lifetimes of 180.49, 346.73, and 322.82 ps are attributed to the donor V_p⁺ → valence band maximum (VBM) recombination, donor Ge_Zn⁺ → VBM recombination, and donor–acceptor pair recombination of V_p⁺ → V_Zn^-, respectively, which further confirms the assignment of the electron transitions. The diagrams for the energy bands and excited electron dynamics are established based on these ultrahigh spatial and temporal results. Our work is helpful for understanding the interaction mechanism between a ZGP crystal and ultrafast laser, doing good to the ZGP crystal growth and device fabrication.

1T-polytype tantalum disulfide (1T-TaS2), an emerging strongly correlated material, features a narrow bandgap of 0.2 eV, bridging the gap between zero-bandgap graphene and large-bandgap 2D nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Combined with its intense light absorption, high carrier concentration, and high mobility, 1T-TaS2 shows considerable potential for applications in broadband optoelectronic devices. However, its NLO characteristics and related applications have rarely been explored. Here, 1T-TaS2 nanosheets are prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The ultrafast carrier dynamics in the 400–1100 nm range and broadband NLO performance in the 515–2500 nm range are systematically studied using femtosecond lasers. An obvious saturable absorption phenomenon is observed in the visible to IR range. The nonlinear absorption coefficient is measured to be -22.60±0.52cmMW-1 under 1030 nm, which is larger than that of other typical 2D saturable absorber (SA) materials (graphene, black phosphorus, and MoS2) under similar experimental conditions. Based on these findings, using 1T-TaS2 as a new SA, passively Q-switched laser operations are successfully performed at 1.06, 1.34, and 1.94 μm. The results highlight the promise of 1T-TaS2 for broadband optical modulators and provide a potential candidate material system for mid-IR nonlinear optical applications.

We propose an effective way to achieve an enhanced optical absorption surface of titanium alloy 7 (Ti7) fabricated by a femtosecond (fs) laser assisted with airflow pressure. The effect of laser scanning speed and laser power on the surfaces’ morphology and average reflectivity was studied. In order to further reduce the surface’s reflectivity, different airflow pressure was introduced during the fabrication of Ti7 by a fs laser. Furthermore, the average reflectivity of samples fabricated under different laser parameters assisted with airflow was presented. In addition, the high and low temperature tests of all samples were performed to test the stability performance of the hybrid micro/nanostructures in extreme environments. It is demonstrated that the airflow pressure has an important influence on the micro/nanostructures for light trapping, the average reflectivity of which could be as low as 2.31% over a broad band of 250–2300 nm before high and low temperature tests, and the reflection for specific wavelengths can go below 1.5%.

An effective and simple method is proposed for fabricating the micro/nano hybrid structures on metal surfaces by adjusting femtosecond laser fluence, scanning interval, and polarization. The evolution of surface morphology with the micro/nano structures is discussed in detail. Also, the mechanism of light absorption by the micro/nano hybrid structures is revealed. Compared with the typical periodic light-absorbing structures, this type of micro/nano hybrid structures has an ultralow average reflectivity of 2% in the 250–2300 nm spectral band and the minimum 1.5% reflectivity in UV band. By employing this method, large areas of the micro/nano hybrid structures with high consistency could be achieved.

基于一款4k分辨率小型投影机，设计了一种低成本、易加工的小口径高分辨率鱼眼投影镜头。通过合理选型、分配光焦度、设置光栏位置、调整镜片形状、材料优选及匹配等途径，在镜片数量较少的情况下对像差进行了充分的校正。该镜头仅由9片透镜组成，视场角为175°，F^#为2.2，后工作距达到39.8 mm，在奈奎斯特频率131 lp/mm处，1.0视场MTF值达到0.3，其余视场MTF值均达到0.43以上，满足了该机型的使用需求。对镜头的各项公差进行了蒙特卡罗分析，结果表明，公差均在常规可加工的范围内，适合于批量加工和装配。